Carburetor



Aug. 25, 1 936. D. E, HARTSHORNr CARBURETOR 3 SheetsfSheet l Filed Feb.16, 1932 Aug. 25,v 1936. D. E. HARTsHoRN CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 16, 19525 Sheets-Sheet 2 G.ll

liti

Patented Aug.y 2s, 193e Puri-:tirA oFF/ ICE cARUnE'ron David E.Hartsliorn, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. .input-aum February 1e, 1932., serial No.59ans' cia. ici. etitti invention relates, to an improvement incarburetors ior internal combustion engines, or other pses. l

obiect of my improvement is to simplify the construction and adjustmentoi such carburetor devices and to increase their emcieicy andreliability in operation. Further objects and advantages `will beapparent on reference .to the drawings in view-of the followingspecication,

relating to. this invention.

in the drawings; I t Fig. l shows diagraatically in partial crosssection a possible embodiment ci the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a modification oi the mixing venturi.

ru.' t is a section on the els-i of rig. i

or it.'

Fig. d is a section on the line il-ii oi Fig. l

dit

lib

l Fig. ii shows details in a partial vertical section through acarburetor according to' this invention.

Flin 6 is a horizontal section on the line t--b oi Fig. 5. l Fig. 7 is abroken vertical section on the line 'i-lgot Fig. 5, Y

Fig. d is a section on the line F-F'of the Fig. 6, Fig. t is a sectionon the line i oi Fig. 5, Fig. lil is a section on the line ld-iil ofFig.6, and Figs. li, l2 and 13 are alternative sections on line lilti ofFie. 5.

The carburetor 'in the embodimentv oi Fig. 1 s the usual dost valvechamber indicated genorally as it with the haat ll for controllingadmission ci iuel trom the line i2. -'lihe usual or own details may beemployed ior admittingy iuel to the me feeding the Venturi chamberindicated genery as it.

The body l5 oi' the venturi maintains its ideal tapering and proportionsfor the most ad-y vantageous vaporization of the iuel by employingsplunger ormovable member it telescoping wit themaln body i5 of theVenturi cham- 'ihe size of parts may be proportioned. however, so thatthe movable member may tele scope over the other member. The movablemember I6 may be linked to throttling devices through a. straight linelinkage or by more sim-j ple means indicated as the hingedly mountedlevers i1 andv i8. The main body i5 maybe provided with guidingextensions on which the movable member I8 may readily slide. Adjusting;7means mounted on either member niayde termine the range' of-'movement ofthe movable member to avoidunintentionally throttling the engine to astall or to avoid over speeding the engine. Guideways it in the venturiare optional. The usual heatingjacket may bev employed on the outerVenturi member.

A fuel conduit member it traverses the va- 5 porizing chamber in a lineparallel to. the motion oi the movable member and is arranged in theventuri in an optimum relationship to the throat of the venturi. This isseen in Fig. 3 in cross section. A fuel conduit 2l is disposedl lolongitudinally of the member il@ to receive fuel from the oat valvechamber when needle valve c it is lifted from its seat, by one of themethods to be described later. The member te extends within the movablemember iii and has a conl5 tinuous slot it or a Marly-arranged series ofperforations in the upper side of the member 2li in communication withthe conduit 2l. The slot may be of uniform-width'in the portion oi themember it that may be exposed in the Venturi chamber. The slot mayalternatively be ofr increasing orl decreasing width as seen in Figs.

-ll and l2 and possibly longitudinally as well .ing means may belprovided in the member it to feed the fuel slot or periorationsadjacent the remote end of the member iii. A larger perforation orbore-could connect such an additional fuel conduit to the main or higherfuel conduit.

Control of the fuel flow through conduit il may -be by means of a rod ittted within the conduit il and adapted to move with the move-`v ments ofthe movable throttling member it. This rod mayl carry a small upstandingiin m5 to seal and sweep the slot 23 to prevent clogging. Increase in'size of the fuel perforations or of the slot it is made available byincrease in known bleedingfy Air is bubbled into the fuel streamy incontrollable amounts to vary the richness or leanness of the fuelmixture passed into the Venturi stream.' Adjustability ofv the rod .25rela tive to the 'movable member i6 may be accomplished in any :way asby a nut 2E held bye. stop 21 and threaded tocooperate with threads onthe rod 25; The rod member is movable to vary the open length of conduit2l in a. manner to comensate for changing conditions of operation suchas from winter to summer. The rod 25 may have a squared end ora wedgeshaped end in which latter case the rod is to be arranged with itssloped face toward the slot 23 to decrease or taper the flow of fuelinwardly from its end.

'Ihe venturi may be connected at its bottom to an air intake 30 and beprovided with a drip pan 3|. The air intake may be of any of the knowntypes including air filtering and/or optional hot spot heating.

The needle valve 22 may be lifted from its seat, sealing the end of thepassageway 2|, by arotatable member 35. The lifting of needle valve 22by member 35 may be through an adjustable connection to the throttlinglever i8 arranged to vary the rate of opening, or through a chokeconnection such as 36 seen in Figs. 6 and 10 for. flooding the engine incold starting. Alternatively, an independent choke inlet may be employedfor flooding the venturi and the place of combustion such as thecylinders of an engine. An optional means for lifting the needle valvefrom its seat is seen in a vacuum connection 33 to the .intake manifold39. The suction from the intake manifold 39 through the connection 38operates on a piston 4U in a cylinder 4|. A spring 42 may hold theneedle valve on its seat and be adjusted to the proper tension by aspider 43, movable by a threaded screw 44.

The embodiment in Fig. 2 shows tapering o'f the Venturi chamber by flarein its walls both as in Fig. 1 and at right angles to the tapering ofthe venturi illustrated in Fig.y 1 and Fig. 3 and additional thereto. Amember H5, shown in part, constitutes a closure for the float valvechamber and is the xed member of the venturi. A member H6, shown inpart, constitutes the movable plunger or throttle of the carburetor asin Fig. 2. The-carburetor of Fig. 2 connects to an intake manifold |39.The Venturi wall of plunger member H6 and the opposing wall of member||5 may be roundedV out hollow to improve the venturi characteristicssomewhat as seen in Fig. 6. The other orside Venturi walls in anyembodiment of this invention would be plane to provide a reasonable fitbetween the fixed. member and the plunger member for sealing the Venturichamber against undesirable leakage.'

The bleeding or bubbling of air into the fuel to aid rapid mixing andvaporization of the fuel stream into the venturi air stream isaccomplished by connections somewhat as seen in Figs. 5 and 6. A iixedVenturi member 2|! and a movable or plunger Venturi member 2 I6cooperate with a fuel conduit member 220 to produce the desiredexplosive mixture for power in the engine. 'I'he fuel conduit in member22|) consists of along bore |2| variably stoppered by the rod 225.. Theadditional fuel conducting means 22| are in full communication with ,thebore |2| and together.

they give a large wall area for bleeding purposes. Perforations 222slope upwardly from one inner face of this fuel conduit to open air andone vor more of these perforations or ports may be selectively open toair. The projecting member 223 bored for these perforations 222 may beshaped* to retain a fine gauze cap to prevent entry of grit or may haveany suitable cover-of variable opening or openings to be used in testingthe carburetor for the effects of` varying bleeding into. thecarburetor. l

, It is known that for acceleration or for heavy load relatively morepoweror heat is required calling for a richer f uel lmixture than formere economical operation. A series of supplementary .bleeding inlets3211s entering the -other face of the fuel conduit to be varably openeddepending possibly on `the load'carried by the engine.' The variableopening of bleeding inlets 221 is accomplished since use is made of thefact that during acceleration or heavy load there 5 is less suction inthe intake manifold and less suction in any conduit entering the intakemanifold. 'I'he fall in value of the suction is `employed to decreasebleeding of air into the fuel conduit. Additional bleedingconduits 221are 10 thus controlled to, be fully operative only for lighter loads andvariably or increasingly blocked by a piston 228 when an ever richerfuel is needed for ever heavier loads. 'f

Piston 228 is shown as a hollow capped cylinder, 15 spring pressed byspringf229 into a position at the extremity of control cylinder 23D. Thespring 229 is of suitablevstiif'ness and its response can be varied .bya screw frame or system 232. A cap 233 threads into the cylinder andholds screw 20 frame 232 in its adjusted position. A suction conduit 234of suitable size connects into the in take manifold to cause piston 228to respond promptly to changes in pressure conditions at thatcontrolling point. The various most suitable fuel mixtures are thusobtainable over a wide range of operation by proper choice in the` areaof the fixed bleed openings 222 and the area range of bleed openings221. The projecting member 231 carrying bleed holes 221 may also havegauze capping means.

The embodiment of means for variably controlling the gas flow is seen ina gas throttle member 31 having a cam surface 31| that running on aflanged rotor or wheel 312 with a fixed axis 313- presses upwardly on -asimilar flanged rotor or wheel 314 on axis 315 to rock the liftingmember 35| for needlevalve 322., through axis 316. The respectivelocations of the rotor member 314 and its supporting .shaft 315'aboutwhich it rotates can be interchanged for an arrangement such as that ofFig. 1. v

' The cam accomplishes-the variable-movement of the needle valve by thechoice of cutting o r outline in its surface v31| which may have any.form either` linear as shown or curved outwardly for more rapid openingat flrst.or curved inwardly for a less rapid rate of opening at firstwith more rapid opening later. This latter or hollow cutting givesrelatively greater flow of gas for acceleration or for greater load. Thecam like gas -throttle member 311s adjustably connected to thethrottlingmember such as |1 or |8 by adjusting means such as aturnbuckle311. f 'Ifhe usual hot jacketing of the venturi to im- 55. provevaporization. is accomplished by water jacket members. and 41. The hotwater or heating medium enters the jacketmember 46, through connectingpipe 48 and passes from the member to member 41 through pipe 49. A 60,.pipe 5| carries the cooled medium to the pump of the circulating coolingsystemmfor the engine. 'I'he throttle rod 225 may-havaa slot 252 foraddtzignal guiding means 253 to save wearon the Fig. 11 shows thealternative type of fuel slot 23a having increasing widthoutwardlydnconduit 'member 22|la whileY Fig.;12 shows another alternative type ofslot 23h in fuel conduitv member 22|Ib to accommodate differentconditions or fuels 7.0..

of different grades. I

Fig. 13 shows an alternative. arrangement of fuel outlet intoetheVenturi throat witha slot or slots 23e arranged at an angle to the airblast.

An Mariam# naar. be emvlvyedbetween the l" carburetor and intakemanifold fitting. 'I'his adapter can be of a size at one end to match aparticular intake manifold and at the other end match a standardcarburetor. Thinning and mixing of the fuel' stream can be accomplishedin this adapter by circumferentially' disposed ports variably blocked byreeds secured at one end and adapted to yield at the other end tosuction to admit a thin stream of air for a condition Vof increasedsuction. The air jets admitted give the intake mixture a sharp whirlingeffect. A rigid collar may be arranged to variably cover or" entirelycover these ports to limit their range of operation or render thementirely inoperative. Such a collar may be arranged to be operated froma distant point.

Changes in the present disclosure may be made by one skilled in the artwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

I claimz- 1. A fuel supply member with a central bore and slot meanscommunicating to a vaporizing chamber, a throttle means for varying thearea of slot in communication with the chamber and a iin on the throttlemeans to t in the slot and seal it or sweep the slot clean when movedrelatively thereto. ,j

2. A carbureting means for internal combustion engines including means,having a Venturi chamber for mixing and vaporizing of fuel with aplunger member for varying the cross section of the vaporizing chamber,a stream lined fuel supplyconduit traversing the mixing chamber adjacentthe Venturi throat, means disposed along the conduitfor admitting fuelfrom the conduit into the throat of the venturi and a fuel regulatingrod rigid with the plunger for effectively closing or opening the fueladmitting means in` movements.

'3. A fuel supply conduit for the carbureting .means of claim 2characterized in that the rod is adjustable relative to the plungermember.

'4. A fuel supply conduit for the carbureting means of claim 2characterized in that the fuel conduit has a continuous slotintheportion tol be exposed tothe mixing chamber and the fuelregulating rodhas a n projecting into the slot to sweep it clean in movementslongitudinally of the slot in the supply conduit.

5. In a carburetor a plunger for controlling the. size of a Venturipassageway to throttle an internal combustion enginewithA a meansadapted to variably dilute the fuel by mixing in air before entering thefuel into the Venturi means through a slotted fuel conduit traversingthe Venturi chamber, the slotting being of a configuration to pass thedesired limited flow of the fuel mixture and disposed at the upper sideof -the fuel. conduit.

6. A fuel supply means with a longitudinal vbore having slot meanscommunicating to a chamber, a throttle means to vary the slot areacommunicating with said chamber and means on the throttle means arrangedto sweep said slot.

'1. A fuel supply means having a Venturi type mixing chamber, aplungermember forming part 0f the Venturi chamber and arranged onmovement to vary the cross sectional areas of the chamber to vary thecapacity of the fuel supply means while maintaining the taper of theventuri, a fuell supply member with a fuel conduit arranged traversingthe Venturi chamber and communicating therewith and means carried by thevplunger member for variably stopping the fuel conduit both internallyand externally.

8. A fuel supply means having a. Venturi type mixing chamber, aplungermember forming part of the Venturi chamber and arranged to vary thecross sectional areas of' the chamber to vary the capacity of the fuelsupply means without varying the taper of the venturi, a fuel supplymember traversing the venturi with afuel conduit communicating with theVenturi chamber andVl means for variably throttling the fuel conduit invlinear relationship with throttling of the venturi, and both externallyand internally.

9. A carburetor having a Venturi chamber pr Y vided with a plunger withits inner surfaces shaped as part ofthe venturi, a. fuel conduit andspray means telescoping within the plunger, and means cooperating withthe plunger to vary the length of the vfuel column in the conduit inaccordance with motions of the plunger.

10. In a. carburetor, a movable plunger for varying the size of the airpassageway the plunger being shaped to form a Venturi throat whenassociated with the fixed portion of the carburetor, a means controlledby changes in pressure of the fuel mixture due to movements of theplunger to vary admission of air to a stream of liquid fuel,`and meanstraversing the Venturi throat, approximately centrally thereof fordelivering the fuel mixture into the Venturi chamber.

11. A carburetor having" a movable plunger member as. an air throttlefor a Venturi mixing chamber, a fuel valve member mounted on the plungerto move therewith and guide means to check tendencies of the lastmemberto rotate relative to the plunger member.

12. A carburetor having a Venturi chamber provided ,with a plunger withits inner surfaces shaped as part of the Venturi passageway, a fuelconduit member telescoping within the plunger and adapted to deliverfuel into said Venturi chamber and means cooperating with the plunger.to vary the length of the fuel column in the fuel conduitlfor anymovement of the plunger.

13. In' combination with an intakemanifold, a carburetor having aconduit for liquid fuel, open port means of adjusted area for admissionof air into the fuel stream in the fuel conduit and supplemental airadmission port means communicating with the fuel conduit, saidsupplemental port means being closed or variable in area under controlof the changing pressures in the intake manifold to have increased areafor low pressure conditions in the manifold and to vhave reduced areafor increased pressure in the manifold to enrich the fuel at higherloads.

14. In combination in a carburetor associated with an intake manifold, afuel conduit for liquid gfuel, a group of air admission ports enteringthe conduit to be selectively closed to .adjust operating conditionsover the whole operating range of the carburetor and other air admissionports nor- DAVID E.A HARTSHORN.

